Cardiovascular Disease In Women 2021
Introduction
Cardiovascular disease and, specifically, coronary disease
is one of the main causes of mortality in developed countries. Coronary disease
is understood to be one that causes lesions in the arteries that nourish the
heart (coronary arteries) […]
The cardiovascular disease and in particular coronary heart
disease is one of the leading causes of death in developed countries . Coronary
disease is understood to be one that causes lesions in the arteries that
nourish the heart (coronary arteries) and that manifests itself in the form of
myocardial infarction or angina pectoris .
WHAT YOU SHOULD KNOW…
Cardiovascular diseases are, ahead of breast cancer, the
leading cause of death among the Spanish female population.
Estrogens protect women from the onset of cardiovascular
diseases until postmenopause.
The risk factors are similar in men and women (tobacco,
sedentary lifestyle, dyslipidemia, diabetes, hypertension and overweight), but
there are others linked to it (estrogens, breast cancer, hypertension in
pregnancy).
Cardiovascular diseases have different incidence, evolution
and prognosis in the population depending on sex. Mortality from cardiovascular
disease in European women under 75 years of age is around 40% compared to 38%
for men of the same age. The prevalence of coronary heart disease in women is
not exactly known, as there are no comprehensive epidemiological data. This is
because the large studies carried out on this pathology have been carried out
in the male population. What we do know is that cardiovascular diseases are,
ahead of breast cancer , the leading cause of death among the Spanish female
population.
More protected?
According to a recently published study, women are more
physiologically protected than men against cardiovascular disease.
The reason is not yet clear, but it appears that it may be
due to two possible biological reasons. The first, thanks to female hormones:
estrogens protect women from the onset of cardiovascular diseases until postmenopausal.
Since then, a series of physical and metabolic changes appear in women that
cause an increase in the incidence of classic risk factors (such as
hypertension, diabetes, weight gain) and, therefore, increase their risk of
suffering some cardiovascular disease.
Second, it has been seen that during pregnancy there are a
series of changes in the anatomy and functioning of the heart (due to increased
needs) that "train" it and would be responsible for reducing the
cardiovascular risk to which they are exposed women. In fact, new drugs made
from female hormones are currently being investigated as a possible treatment
for heart failure.
Women tend to be older than men when they suffer from
cardiovascular disease and this complicates their recovery. After menopause,
women have a worse prognosis than men (due to the loss of estrogens), since
they no longer receive the natural protection of estrogens and, with this, risk
factors multiply.
Symptoms of cardiovascular disease in women
Regarding the difference in the presentation of symptoms, it
has been seen that in women there is a lower frequency of appearance of classic
chest pain (radiating to the left arm) and when it appears it is usually
atypical. In addition, symptoms related to heart failure (such as shortness of
breath or dyspnea) are more common.
Cardiovascular risk factors are similar in men and women (smoking,
sedentary lifestyle, dyslipidemia, diabetes, hypertension and overweight),
although there are some differences with respect to these so-called classic
factors. The measures aimed at preventing them, therefore, are similar in both
sexes:
Physical activity: sedentary lifestyle is more common in
women, men generally practice more sports.
Smoking: in recent years there has been an increase in
tobacco in women, compared to the decrease in men, probably linked to social
reasons.
Diabetes and overweight: in general, overweight and diabetes
are more common in women, especially after 55 years.
Dyslipidemia: from the age of 50, women have higher
cholesterol than men.
Hypertension: the prevalence of hypertension is higher in
women from 65 years of age.
On the other hand, there are certain risk factors linked to
women and that are not present in men:
Estrogens: the loss of estrogens after menopause eliminates
the cardio protective capacity.
Breast cancer treatment: some drugs used in its treatment
increase the risk of suffering from cardiovascular disease.
Appearance of high blood pressure during pregnancy.
Of interest
FUNDACIÓN MAPFRE, Foundation Pro CNIC, and the Community of
Madrid launch the “Women for the heart” campaign, to publicize the preventive
measures that prevent the disease in women, its main symptoms, and how to act.
Enter the web and you can download the guide "Take
care, heart" in which you can expand all this information and learn to
prevent cardiovascular disease and recognize the symptoms of heart attack